Idea — A process-writing lesson runs: lead-in → study a model → plan → draft → peer or teacher feedback → revise. The feedback-and-revise loop is what distinguishes it from one-shot writing. Example — Model…
Idea — Here learners scan a stream of speech for particular items — a price, a time, a name — and ignore the rest. The task narrows attention, which lowers anxiety. Example — At a…
Idea — Productive skills reinforce each other: discuss then write, or draft then present. Pairing them gives writing an audience and speaking a record, and mirrors how the skills work in real life. Example —…
Idea — Gist listening means catching the overall message — topic, mood, purpose — without every word. It is the first pass, and learners often skip it because they try to understand everything at once.…
Idea — Effective feedback is selective and forward-looking: praise something, target one or two priorities, and give a concrete next step. Covering a script in red ink rarely changes the next draft. Example — "Strong…
Idea — Skilled listeners and readers swing between two processes: bottom-up (decoding the actual words and sounds) and top-down (using knowledge of the world and the topic to predict). Neither alone is enough. Example —…
Idea — Marking every error overwhelms learners and does the work for them. A correction code (Sp = spelling, WO = word order, T = tense) flags error type and asks learners to self-correct. Example…
Idea — Listening is active meaning-building, not passive reception. Learners run two processes at once: bottom-up (decoding sounds and words) and top-down (using context and expectation to predict). Example — Hearing “d’you wanna cuppa?” a…
Idea — Writing together — in pairs or groups — surfaces language choices through discussion, shares the load, and lets learners learn from each other before any teacher feedback arrives. Example — Two learners drafting…
Idea — Freer writing hands learners the topic and lets them shape the text themselves, building fluency and ownership. It follows controlled practice, once the form is secure enough to risk. Example — After guided…