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Second Conditional: What Would You Do?

August 2, 2026 · Sourov · 3 min read

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B1⏱ 5 min

Second Conditional: What Would You Do?

“If I hadn’t left Bangladesh, I would never have worked as a sommelier in Sydney or held my daughter born in La Réunion.” Sourov uses this kind of sentence to reflect on the big decisions in his life — the ones that didn’t happen, or that he can only imagine. This is the territory of the second conditional: hypothetical situations and their imagined results.
🎯 Aim: Form and use the second conditional (If + past simple, … would + infinitive) to talk about unreal or hypothetical present/future situations.

The Structure

Part Form Example
If-clause If + past simple If I lived in Sydney…
Main clause would + bare infinitive …I would visit Bondi every weekend.
Negative wouldn’t + infinitive I wouldn’t miss the cold weather.
Question What would you do if…? What would you do if you moved abroad?

Key rule: The situation is imaginary or unlikely. We use past simple in the if-clause, but the meaning is present or future.

Examples from real life

  1. If I lived closer to the beach, I would swim every morning.
  2. She would speak more French if she practised every day.
  3. If Sourov were still in Sydney, he would probably manage a different venue by now.
  4. What would you do if you had to choose between two countries?
  5. If I didn’t love La Réunion, I wouldn’t stay here.
💡 Note on “were”: In formal English, if I were is preferred over if I was — especially in the phrase “If I were you…” (giving advice). Both are widely used in everyday speech.

Practice Task — Build the sentences

Use the prompts to write a second conditional sentence.

  1. (you / have / more time) → What would you do if …?
  2. (I / not know / how to cook) → If I … , I … eat out every night.
  3. (she / live / in France) → She would speak perfect French if …
  4. (we / not travel / so much) → We wouldn’t have so many stories if …
  5. (he / be / a teacher) → If he … a teacher, he … enjoy explaining grammar.
Show answers
  1. What would you do if you had more time?
  2. If I didn’t know how to cook, I would eat out every night.
  3. She would speak perfect French if she lived in France.
  4. We wouldn’t have so many stories if we didn’t travel so much.
  5. If he were / was a teacher, he would enjoy explaining grammar.
💡 CELTA Tip: A common learner error is using would in the if-clause: ❌ “If I would live…”. Highlight the rule visually: If + past | would + infinitive — never would in the if-clause.

Takeaway

The second conditional = If + past simple, would + infinitive. Use it for imaginary or unlikely situations. Never use would inside the if-clause.

Cambridge CELTA course completed — 120 supervised teaching hours and four written assignments validated to the required standard.

Independent project. Not affiliated with, endorsed by, or accredited by Cambridge University Press & Assessment. Confers no qualification.

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