Idea — Top-down processing means using background knowledge, context, and expectation to interpret a text before analysing individual words. The brain predicts before it decodes.
Example — When you see a menu, you already know roughly what language to expect — prices, dish names, descriptions. That expectation speeds reading before a word is processed.
Try — Show learners a title and image only. Ask them to predict three words they will find in the text. Then check.
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